PLES





	PLES Ples - one of the most ancient cities on Volga. Occurrence of city concerns to XII century. The archeological excavations spent here in 1895-1896, have found out presence of ancient settlement which carried name Chyvil. It is necessary, that Chyvil has been plundered and burnt by hordes Batyia in 1238. The new stage of history of the Reach begins in 1410 when the Moscow prince Vasily I, son Dmitry Donskogo, has ordered " cut hailstones Pleso ". To the name of the Ples are some explanations. The word "reach" in Russian means a direct site of the river from turn before turn. Other word meaning "reach" - " a sandy shallow ". The reach is located on high right coast of Volga, halfway between Kostroma and Kineshma. In good weather Volga is upstream looked through on 17 km. In XII-XII centuries the city protected approaches to Moscow and приволжским to cities. Later, in the beginning of XIX century, the city became large port and trading city on Volga. However after construction in 1871 of the railway, trading value of the Ples has died away. On the century the Ples has seen both attacks of монголо-Tatars and princely civil strifes and ruins during the польско-Swedish intervention. Pearl of Volga, emerald of the north, Russian Switzerland name the Ples. And though this small town is away from the basic " the Gold ring " - it is necessary to visit it. Small, белокаменный, drowning in dense greens - the Ples is a source of inspiration for many Russian artists. The magnificent monument of Russian nature - it was vacation spot for capital and provincial intelligency. In the Ples artists - worked as A.Stepanov, V.Baksheev, A.Korin; great Russian singer F.Shalyapin here liked to have a rest, here there came A.Koonen A.Tairov''s outstanding Russian actors, Russian writer N.Smirnov here was born. Here on coast of Volga of veins the singer of Russian nature - artist Isaak Ilyich Levitan also worked, whose name here already more than hundred years with pride is said by inhabitants of the Ples. Here beat are created almost two hundred pictures and the etudes decorating assemblies Tretjakovskoj of gallery, Russian museum and many other museums of the country: " After a rain. A reach ", " Evening. A gold Ples ", " Above eternal rest ", " the Mellow autumn", " Autumn. A mill. A reach ", "Birchwood" and many others. How many tracks and roads proceeded the artist in the Ples and his vicinities! In 1972 in the Ples, in the house where the artist lived, the House-museum has opened. In it are I.I.Levitan, V.D.Polenov, A.K.Savrasova, I.I.Shishkin''s original pictures and other artists. Two years later, in 1974 near to a museum had been established I.I.Levitanu''s monument, works of sculptor N.V.Dadykina. The wooden small town not time burned also historical monuments in city were not kept almost. The most ancient cathedral of the city of Uspensky, is constructed in 1747. Churches - Troichkaya - 1808г., Voskresenscaya - 1817г., Barbarians - 1821г were kept. And Preobrazhenskiy - 1849г. And what declines in the Ples.......